Presenter
Morton J. Kern, M.D., MSCAI, Long Beach VA Health Care System, Long Beach, CA
Morton J. Kern, M.D., MSCAI, Long Beach VA Health Care System, Long Beach, CA
Learning Objectives:
- Describe the fundamental concepts underlying myocardial hemodynamic measurements.
- Recognize the normal and abnormal hemodynamics of valvular heart disease.
- Describe the measurement of cardiac output and shunt calculations.
Keywords: Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) and Heart Failure