Risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease in Young African American Patients
Ahmad Awan, MD, Howard University Hospital, ARLINGTON, VA
Ahmad Awan, MD1, Jin Yi, MD2, Ahmed Brgdar, MD3, Richard Ogunti, MD4, Muhammad Rizwan, MD4, Letumile Rodgers Moeng, MD3 and Isaac Opoku, MD, FSCAI4, (1)Howard University Hospital, ARLINGTON, VA, (2)Howard University Hospital, Alexandria, VA, (3)Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, (4)Howard University Hospital, washington dc, DC
Keywords: Coronary and Diversity Equity and Inclusion (DEI)
Background: Prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in African American (AA) younger population is understudied. In this study, we aim to evaluate the risk factors for CAD in young AA patients.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of National Inpatient Sample was performed to identify all the patients with CAD in 2017. African American patients with coronary artery disease were identified using international classification of disease-10 ICD 10 codes. Patients were classified into two groups. Group 1 had AA patients with age 18-45 years old and group 2 had AA patients with age >45 years. Baseline characteristics and co-morbid conditions were recorded and analyzed. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: This study includes 139,657 African American patients with CAD. There were 7,093 patients age < 45 (group 1) and 131,520 age >45 years (group 2). In group 1, there was significant higher prevalence of obesity 31.2% vs. 19.4 (P<0.001), drug abuse 17.8% vs. 6.7%, (P<0.001), alcohol abuse 5.2% vs. 4.3%(P<0.001), smoking 49.8% vs. 46.6%, P<0.001 HIV 1.88% vs. 0.88%, P<0.001 ESRD 20.7% vs. 14.6%, P<0.001 and depression 13.8% vs. 10.4%, as compared to patients age>45. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea and gender.
Conclusions: African American with age 18-45 years who present with coronary artery disease have lower incidence of traditional risk factors like HTN, DM and CHF, OSA and higher incidence of non-traditional risk factors including substance abuse (drug abuse, smoking, alcohol abuse and smoking), psychiatric illnesses (anxiety and depression) and HIV. Further well powered randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these findings.